Prehistoric exploration comes to life in Nebraska

Nestled in the northwestern corner of Nebraska, Toadstool Geological Park is a geological treasure trove that offers a unique glimpse into the region’s prehistoric past. The park is best known for its striking rock formations of giant, narrow pedestals topped by mushroom-like sandstone slabs and fossil beds. Part of the Oglala National Grassland, it’s affectionately referred to as the “moonscape” of the Badlands. Its remote location also makes it a great place to view the night sky, so if you’re into photographing the Milky Way or counting shooting stars from the back of your car or tent, this is definitely worth a visit. Toadstool Geological Park is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, which is committed to preserving its unique geological and paleontological resources.

Geology and landscape

The park takes its name from these unusual mushroom-like rock formations, formed by wind and water erosion over millions of years. These formations are composed of sandstone, clay, and volcanic ash, which have been sculpted into their present form by the forces of nature. The area dates back to the Oligocene, approximately 30 million years ago. During this period, the region was a vast floodplain with a warm, humid climate. Over time, volcanic activity deposited layers of ash, which, combined with sediment from ancient rivers, formed the rock formations scattered throughout the park. It is also full of fossils, some visible to the naked eye, scattered throughout the park. This landscape is characterized by its stark, almost otherworldly appearance and offers an intriguing destination for geology enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Things to do

Toadstool Geological Park is a hotspot for paleontologists because of its rich fossil beds. The area has yielded numerous fossils, including those of ancient mammals such as three-toed horses, giant tortoises, and saber-toothed tigers. These fossils provide valuable insights into the fauna that once roamed the region and have contributed to the understanding of prehistoric ecosystems.

The 1-mile Fossil Loop Trail passes through some of the park’s most important fossil sites, and interpretive signs provide in-depth information about these sites and the area’s geologic history. Although fossil collecting is prohibited to preserve the scientific value of the sites, the park offers a fascinating glimpse into the ancient past. Other longer trails, such as the 3-mile Bison Trail and The Great Plains Trail (part of a large cross-country trail system that runs through the park), offer deeper insights into the area’s ancient history. The Bison Trail splits off from the informative Fossil Loop Trail halfway through and follows a 3-mile canyon to the Hudson-Meng Education and Research Center. Open Fridays and Saturdays during the summer from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., this research center is one of the best places to see hundreds of fossilized remains of Badland’s most famous resident, Bison Antiquus, the extinct ancient bison. Toadstool Geological Park is also home to a reconstructed sod house, offering a glimpse into the life of an early settler on the prairie.

But perhaps the best way to experience Toadstool is at night. Far from the city lights, the park offers incredibly clear and dark skies, making it an ideal place to observe the night sky. The park’s unique rock formations provide a stunning backdrop for epic astrophotography.

Accommodation options

Toadstool is located about 20 miles from Crawford Nebraska (the nearest town) or 50 miles from Hot Springs South Dakota. While you can make a day trip here, the park offers a primitive campground with basic amenities including picnic tables and fire rings (no water), and is available on a first-come, first-served basis. The park is open year-round, but the best times to visit are spring and fall when the weather is mild. Other lodging options are available in Crawford from the High Plains Homestead, a working farm and ranch dating back to the 1880s, to cabins and campgrounds at Fort Robinson State Park. The museum at Fort Robinson also houses fossilized remains of prehistoric mammals found in these areas.

Toadstool Geological Park is a hidden gem in the Midwest that is off the beaten path. Whether you are a geology buff, a fossil enthusiast, or just enjoy exploring the great outdoors, you will find something to amaze you here. Walking among the unique rock formations and imagining what ancient creatures once roamed this land will give you a true sense of the Earth’s history through the millennia.