New theory reveals fracture mechanism in soft materials

A new theory has finally deciphered the physical mechanisms of fracture in soft materials. This discovery could soon lead to new, defect-free materials that are more resistant and durable, and also more environmentally friendly. The paper “Elastic instability behind brittle fracture” was recently published by Physical assessment letters.

“We found that fracture propagates from the free surface of the material, starting from an elastic instability that breaks the symmetry of the object. Then, the fracture expands dramatically with a complex network of cracks that spread as a turbulence phenomenon similar to what we observe in fluids, such as during the formation of vortices,” explains Pasquale Ciarletta from the MOX Laboratory, Department of Mathematics at Politecnico di Milano.

This discovery stimulates important applications in various technological sectors. For example, in the production of micro and nano devices, where materials must be extremely resistant and defect-free.

By understanding how cracks form, we can design more robust and durable materials.

In consumer electronics, this could lead to the development of devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops with screens that are more resistant to shock and drops, reducing the frequency of repairs and replacements. In the medical sector, implantable devices such as pacemakers and prostheses could benefit from safer and more durable materials, significantly improving patient health. In the aerospace industry, understanding and preventing material breakage could lead to more robust and reliable structures, reducing the risks associated with space and air travel.

“The results of this research not only pave the way for future studies aimed at developing materials with unprecedented mechanical properties, but also have a positive impact on the environment by reducing the need for frequent product replacements and minimizing waste. This could contribute to more sustainable production and a more efficient use of natural resources,” concludes Davide Riccobelli from the Department of Mathematics at Politecnico di Milano.

The research was conducted by an international team of researchers, led by Riccobelli and Ciarletta at Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique and ESPCI in Paris. It shows that international collaborations continue to play a crucial role in pushing the boundaries of materials science.